Diagonal
43.3mm
Crop Factor
1×
50mm Equiv
50mm
Hva er Camera Sensor Size Calculator?
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The Camera Sensor Size Calculator computes key sensor parameters including physical dimensions, crop factor, diagonal, pixel pitch, sensor area, and field of view for any camera format. The camera sensor is the fundamental element determining image quality, depth of field characteristics, low-light performance, and the effective angle of view of any attached lens. Sensor size nomenclature in the camera industry is often confusing: historical names like '1-inch sensor' actually refer to a sensor measuring approximately 13.2 × 8.8mm (not 25.4mm), a legacy of vacuum tube sizing conventions. The crop factor — the ratio of the full-frame (35mm equivalent) sensor diagonal to the actual sensor diagonal — determines how a lens's field of view is translated between sensor formats. Understanding sensor size is critical for: comparing cameras across different formats (full-frame vs. APS-C vs. Micro Four Thirds vs. medium format), calculating depth of field differences between systems, understanding low-light performance differences (larger sensors generally provide better signal-to-noise ratio), selecting appropriate lenses for a given sensor format, and understanding why a 50mm lens on full-frame looks different from 50mm on APS-C. The sensor size also determines the theoretical diffraction limit and the maximum useful megapixel count before pixel pitch becomes too small for practical use. Camera sensor technology has advanced through several generations: CCD to CMOS, front-illuminated to back-side illuminated (BSI) to stacked CMOS, each improving low-light performance and dynamic range for any given physical sensor size.
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Formel
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Sensor Diagonal = √(Width² + Height²)
Crop Factor = Full-Frame Diagonal / Sensor Diagonal = 43.267 / Sensor Diagonal
Pixel Pitch (μm) = Sensor Width (mm) / Horizontal Pixels × 1000
Sensor Area = Width × Height (mm²)
Aspect Ratio = Width / Height
FOV Equivalent = Actual FOV × (1 / Crop Factor)Variabelbeskrivelse
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| Symbol | Navn | Enhet | Beskrivelse |
|---|---|---|---|
| W_s | Sensor Width | mm | Physical horizontal dimension of the sensor., which is a key parameter in the camera sensor calc calculation that directly influences the final computed result |
| H_s | Sensor Height | mm | Physical vertical dimension of the sensor., which is a key parameter in the camera sensor calc calculation that directly influences the final computed result |
| CF | Crop Factor | × | Ratio of full-frame sensor diagonal (43.267mm) to this sensor's diagonal. |
| p | Pixel Pitch | μm | Physical width of one pixel. Larger pixels capture more light per pixel. |
| A | Sensor Area | mm² | Total physical area of the sensor. Full-frame = 864 mm²; MFT = 224.9 mm². |
Slik Camera Sensor Size Calculator
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- 1Step 1: Find your camera sensor's physical dimensions (width × height in mm) from the manufacturer's specifications.
- 2Step 2: Calculate diagonal: √(W² + H²). For full-frame 36×24: √(1296+576) = √1872 = 43.27mm.
- 3Step 3: Calculate crop factor: CF = 43.267 / your_diagonal.
- 4Step 4: Calculate pixel pitch: p = sensor_width_mm / horizontal_pixel_count × 1000 μm.
- 5Step 5: Compute sensor area: W × H mm².
- 6Step 6: Compare to reference: full-frame area = 864 mm². Your sensor's light-gathering advantage = (your area / 864) — larger is better for low-light performance.
Løste eksempler
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Diagonal = √(23.5²+15.6²) = 28.19mm. CF = 43.267/28.19 = 1.534×. Pixel pitch = 23.5/6250×1000 = 3.76μm. Area = 366.6mm² (42% of full-frame).
21.63mm diagonal gives exactly 2.0× crop factor. Area = 225mm² — just 26% of full-frame area, collecting correspondingly less light per equivalent composition.
CF = 43.267/67.1 = 0.645× (expansion factor — lenses appear wider than on full-frame). Area = 2169mm² = 2.5× the area of full-frame — massive light-gathering advantage.
12.2mm diagonal gives 3.54× crop. Area = 71.5mm² — just 8.3% of full-frame area. Despite 48 MP, the tiny pixel pitch (1.22μm) severely limits per-pixel light capture vs. larger sensors.
Praktiske anvendelser
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Kamerakjøpere sammenligner sensorformater når de velger mellom systemoppgraderinger.. Denne applikasjonen brukes ofte av fagfolk som trenger presis kvantitativ analyse for å støtte beslutningstaking, budsjettering og strategisk planlegging innen sine respektive felt
Kinematografer spesifiserer kamerakrav for produksjoner som trenger spesifikke dybdeskarphetskarakteristikker. Bransjeutøvere stoler på denne beregningen for å måle ytelse, sammenligne alternativer og sikre samsvar med etablerte standarder og regulatoriske krav
Brukere av objektivadapter beregner effektive brennvidder og beskjæringsfaktorer for blandede systemer. Akademiske forskere og studenter bruker denne beregningen til å validere teoretiske modeller, fullføre kursoppgaver og utvikle en dypere forståelse av de underliggende matematiske prinsippene
Fotografer som forstår systemoverganger (APS-C til full-frame, beskjæring til medium format). Finansanalytikere og planleggere innlemmer denne beregningen i arbeidsflyten sin for å produsere nøyaktige prognoser, evaluere risikoscenarier og presentere datadrevne anbefalinger til interessenter
Spesielle tilfeller
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Dobbel piksel autofokus og pikseldeling
{'title': 'Dobbel piksel autofokus og pixel splitting', 'body': "Canons Dual Pixel CMOS AF og Sonys Phase Detect CMOS AF plasserer fasedeteksjonspiksler på tvers av sensoren. I Canons implementering er hvert pikselsted delt inn i to fotodioder som kan leses separat for fasedeteksjon eller kombineres på tvers av raske, nøyaktige bildepunkter uten nøyaktig bildebehandling. til AF-oppgaver."}
rullende lukker', 'kropp': 'Rullende lukker leser av sensoren rad for rad over en begrenset periode, noe som forårsaker geometrisk forvrengning av motiver i rask bevegelse eller raske kamerabevegelser. Global lukker leser alle piksler samtidig, og eliminerer rullende lukkereffekter. Globale lukkersensorer er standard i vitenskapelige kameraer og maskinsynskameraer; Sony A9 III (2024) var det første fullformat speilløse forbrukerkameraet med en innfødt global lukker.'}
Negative inngangsverdier kan eller ikke være gyldige for kamerasensorberegning avhengig av domenekonteksten.
Noen formler aksepterer negative tall (f.eks. temperaturer, endringshastigheter), mens andre krever strengt positive inndata. Brukere bør sjekke om deres spesifikke scenario tillater negative verdier før de stoler på utdata. Profesjonelle som arbeider med kamerasensorkalk bør være spesielt oppmerksomme på dette scenariet fordi det kan føre til misvisende resultater hvis det ikke håndteres riktig. Verifiser alltid grenseforhold og krysssjekk med uavhengige metoder når denne saken oppstår i praksis.
Camera Sensor Size Reference Table
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| Format | Dimensions (mm) | Area (mm²) | Diagonal (mm) | Crop Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large Format 4×5" | 127 × 101.6 | 12,903 | 162.6 | 0.27× |
| Medium Format (Phase One) | 53.7 × 40.4 | 2,169 | 67.1 | 0.64× |
| Medium Format (Fuji GFX) | 43.8 × 32.9 | 1,441 | 54.8 | 0.79× |
| Full-Frame (35mm) | 36.0 × 24.0 | 864 | 43.3 | 1.0× |
| APS-H (Canon 1D) | 27.9 × 18.6 | 519 | 33.5 | 1.29× |
| APS-C (Nikon/Sony/Fuji) | 23.5 × 15.6 | 367 | 28.2 | 1.53× |
| APS-C (Canon) | 22,3 × 14,9 | 332 | 26.8 | 1,61× |
| Micro Four Thirds | 17,3 × 13,0 | 225 | 21.6 | 2,0× |
| 1-tommers | 13,2 × 8,8 | 116 | 15.9 | 2,72× |
| 1/1,7-tommers | 7,6 × 5,7 | 43.3 | 9.5 | 4,55× |
| 1/2,3-tommers (smarttelefon) | 6,2 × 4,7 | 29.1 | 7.8 | 5,55× |
Ofte stilte spørsmål
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Why is a '1-inch' sensor not actually 25.4mm?
The '1-inch' designation is a holdover from vacuum tube vidicon camera technology of the 1950s, where the tube's outer diameter was 1 inch (25.4mm). The actual imaging area was only about half the tube's diameter. A modern '1-inch' image sensor measures approximately 13.2 × 8.8mm (16.4mm diagonal) — not 25.4mm. Other sensor size names (1/1.7-inch, 1/2.3-inch) follow the same convention and are similarly misleading if taken literally.
Does a larger sensor always produce better image quality?
Generally yes for noise, dynamic range, and depth of field versatility — but not universally. Larger sensors collect more total light per composition, improving SNR proportionally. However, a 45 MP full-frame camera using a mediocre lens may produce worse results than a 20 MP APS-C camera with an exceptional prime lens. Lens quality, sensor generation (BSI vs. front-illuminated CMOS), image processing, and pixel pitch all contribute. Sensor size is one important factor, not the only one.
How much better is full-frame than APS-C for low-light photography?
Assuming equal pixel counts and similar pixel technology, full-frame provides approximately 1–1.5 stops better high-ISO performance than APS-C, because pixels are physically larger and collect more photons. With identical pixel pitch (same technology generation), the advantage is pure sensor area: full-frame area (864mm²) / APS-C area (~366mm²) = 2.36×, which is approximately 1.24 stops advantage. In practice, the gap between current full-frame and APS-C is often just 0.7–1.3 stops.
What is a stacked sensor and how does it affect image quality?
A stacked (or layered) CMOS sensor places the pixel layer on top of a separate processing chip, connected by copper pillar bonds through the silicon. This allows much faster readout speeds (reducing rolling shutter and enabling higher burst rates) and the integration of DRAM buffers for ultra-high-speed recording. Sony's stacked sensors (A9 III uses a global shutter stacked sensor) achieve up to 120 fps full-resolution with no rolling shutter distortion — a significant advantage for sports and action photography.
How do I choose between a high-megapixel or high-ISO camera?
The choice depends on your primary use case. High-megapixel (45–100 MP) cameras excel for: studio photography, landscape/architecture (large print output), commercial product photography, and stock photography requiring maximum resolution. High-ISO optimized cameras (24 MP with best-in-class sensor) excel for: sports and action, wedding photography, photojournalism, wildlife and astrophotography, and any low-light work. Some cameras (Sony A7R V, Nikon Z8) combine high resolution with excellent high-ISO performance, but typically at premium price points.
What is back-side illumination (BSI) and why does it improve sensor performance?
In conventional front-illuminated CMOS sensors, the readout circuitry sits in front of the photodiodes, partially blocking incoming light. Back-side illuminated (BSI) sensors flip the architecture so the photodiodes face the incoming light directly, with circuitry on the back. This increases the effective light-gathering area of each pixel by 30–50% and reduces interference from internal reflections — improving sensitivity, dynamic range, and noise performance. Most modern Sony, Canon, and Nikon sensors use BSI architecture.
How does sensor size affect depth of field in practice?
For the same field of view (same framing), aperture, and shooting distance, a larger sensor always produces shallower depth of field because it requires a longer actual focal length lens to achieve the same angle of view. A 50mm f/1.8 on full-frame provides shallower DOF than a 33mm f/1.2 on APS-C (same 50mm equivalent FOV) because the actual focal length (50mm vs. 33mm) drives depth of field, not the equivalent focal length. The effective aperture for DOF comparison = actual aperture × crop factor.
Vanlige feil å unngå
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- !Stoler på navngivningen i den historiske størrelsen ('1-inch', '1/2.3-inch') for å representere faktiske fysiske dimensjoner.
- !Sammenligning av megapikselantall mellom sensorer av forskjellige størrelser uten å ta hensyn til pikselstigning og SNR-implikasjoner.
- !Ignorerer generering av sensor (BSI vs. frontbelyst) når man sammenligner kameraer med tilsvarende fysisk sensorstørrelse.
- !Forvirrende beskjæringsfaktorens effekt på synsvinkelen med dens irrelevans for eksponeringsberegning.
- !Forutsatt at mellomformatsensorer alltid er bedre enn fullformat - med tilsvarende pikselbredde, lignende SNR-ytelse, bare bredere synsfelt med tilsvarende objektiver.
Pro Tips
Når du sammenligner kameraer fra forskjellige produsenter, bør du alltid slå opp de faktiske sensordimensjonene fra produsentens spesifikasjonsark i stedet for å stole på navn på markedsføringsformater. Nettsteder som Sensor Sizes (sensorsizes.info) og DPReview opprettholder nøyaktige databaser over sensorens fysiske dimensjoner for de fleste produksjonskameraer.
Visste du?
Det første kommersielle digitale kameraet med CCD-sensor, Dycam Model 1 (1990), hadde en sensor som målte bare 375 × 240 piksler - totalt 90 000 piksler, eller 0,09 megapiksler. Sensoren målte omtrent 6 × 4 mm med en pikselbredde på omtrent 16μm – ironisk nok en større pikselbredde enn mange moderne høyoppløselige kameraer, noe som gir den teoretisk bedre per-piksel lysfølsomhet enn dagens 50 MP-sensorer.
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