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The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit used to measure unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit. R_unknown = R3 × (R2/R1).
공식
At balance: R1/R2 = R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx
- At
- R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx — R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx
- R1
- R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx — R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx
- R2
- R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx — R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx
- R3
- R3 value — Variable used in the calculation
- Rx
- Rx value — Variable used in the calculation
단계별 가이드
- 1Four resistors arranged in a diamond (bridge) configuration
- 2A galvanometer in the centre detects current imbalance
- 3At balance: R1/R2 = R3/Rx — solve for unknown Rx
풀어진 예시
입력
R1=100Ω, R2=200Ω, R3=150Ω
결과
Rx = 300Ω
Bridge balanced when R1/R2 = R3/Rx
피해야 할 일반적인 실수
- ✕Assuming the bridge must be exact — modern circuits use operational amplifiers for nulling
- ✕Ignoring lead resistance in precision measurements
자주 묻는 질문
What is a Wheatstone bridge used for?
Precision measurement of resistance, strain gauges, temperature sensors (RTDs), and load cells.
What happens when the bridge is balanced?
No current flows through the galvanometer. The voltage across it is zero.
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