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Chemistry calculators help with molar mass, stoichiometry, molarity, pH, and thermodynamic calculations. Chemistry uses the mole as its fundamental unit — 1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number).

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1. 1Molar mass: sum of atomic masses × number of atoms for each element
2. 2Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
3. 3Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
4. 4pH = −log₁₀[H⁺] where [H⁺] is hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L

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