How to Calculate Doppler Effect
What is Doppler Effect?
The Doppler effect describes frequency change when a source and observer are in relative motion. Sound pitches higher when approaching and lower when receding.
Formula
f' = f × (v ± v_observer) / (v ∓ v_source)
Step-by-Step Guide
- 1Enter source frequency and speed
- 2Enter observer and source velocities
- 3Apply Doppler formula with correct sign conventions
Worked Examples
Input
f = 440 Hz, source approaching at 10 m/s, v = 340 m/s
Result
f' ≈ 454 Hz
Observed frequency increases
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ✕Wrong sign conventions for approaching/receding
- ✕Using ground speed instead of relative speed
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